1. Network and internet

1.1. What is a computer network?

A computer network is a group of computers that are connected by cables or other devices for transmitting information.

All modern computers have special network connectors (network boards) which are connected together by special wires and appropriate lugs. For larger networks, network switches are used. For wireless networks, wireless cards are used.

The following types of computer networks are distinguished according to the means of communication organisation and working principles :

  • Local Area Network (LAN)
  • Wide Area Network (WAN).

A local area network is a computer network that usually connects computers and peripherals in a single office or department, which are located in a limited area, either in a single building or in nearby buildings.

Such a network enables the sharing of common resources:

  • media
  • printers
  • processors
  • shared documents and applications for group work

A wide area network is an aggregation of local networks, usually located in a specific area. These networks are connected by various lines of communication to form a single network, regardless of the distance between them, for example: the VIKT network of computers in public institutions or the LITNET network of academic and educational institutions.